Indian Gardening Calendar – Month-Wise Vegetable Sowing Guide
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A complete month-wise gardening calendar for home gardeners across India. Whether you are in South India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) or North India (Punjab, Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh), this guide will help you plan your vegetable garden through the year..
Section 1: Month-Wise Vegetable Sowing Calendar – South India
Covering states: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
| Month | Vegetables to Sow in South India |
|---|---|
| January | Lettuce, Spinach, Gourds, Melons, Radish, Carrot, Onion, Tomato, Okra, Brinjal, Beans |
| February | Lettuce, Spinach, Gourds, Melons, Radish, Carrot, Onion, Tomato, Okra, Brinjal, Beans |
| March | Amaranthus, Coriander, Gourds, Beans, Melons, Spinach, Okra |
| April | Onion, Amaranthus, Coriander, Gourds, Okra, Tomato, Chilli |
| May | Okra, Onion, Chilli |
| June | All Gourds, Solanaceae, Almost all Vegetables |
| July | All Gourds, Solanaceae, Almost all Vegetables |
| August | Carrot, Cauliflower, Beans, Beetroot |
| September | Cauliflower, Cucumber, Onion, Peas, Spinach |
| October | Brinjal, Cabbage, Capsicum, Cucumber, Beans, Peas, Spinach, Turnip, Watermelon |
| November | Beetroot, Eggplant, Cabbage, Carrot, Beans, Lettuce, Melon, Okra, Turnip, Pumpkin |
| December | Watermelon, Muskmelon, Ash Gourd, Ridge Gourd, Bitter Gourd, Bottle Gourd, Cucumber, Chilli, Cabbage |
Section 2: Month-Wise Vegetable Sowing Calendar – North India
Covering states: Punjab, Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.
| Month | Vegetables to Sow in North India |
|---|---|
| January | Brinjal |
| February | Apple Gourd, Bitter Gourd, Bottle Gourd, Cucumber, French Beans, Okra, Sponge Gourd, Watermelon, Spinach |
| March | French Beans, Okra, Sponge Gourd, Watermelon, Spinach |
| April | Capsicum |
| May | Onion, Pepper, Brinjal, All Gourds, Cucumber, Cauliflower |
| June | Cucumber, Cauliflower (Early), Okra, Onion, Sem, Tomato, Pepper |
| July | All Gourds, Cucumber, Radish, Tomato, Cabbage, Carrot |
| August | Carrot, Cauliflower, Radish, Tomato, Cabbage |
| September | Cauliflower, Peas, Radish, Tomato, Lettuce, Beetroot, Brinjal, Cabbage |
| October | Beetroot, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Lettuce, Peas, Radish, Spinach, Turnip |
| November | Turnip, Tomato, Radish, Pepper, Peas, Beetroot |
| December | Tomato |
Section 3: Vegetable-Wise Sowing Calendar for India
A comprehensive seed-wise sowing guide with growing seasons, spacing, days to maturity, and links to buy quality seeds from HobbyHub.
| S. No. | Vegetable | North India Season | South India Season | Sowing Distance | Days to Maturity | Buy Seeds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apple Gourd (Tinda) | Feb–Mar, Jun–Jul | Feb–Mar, Jun–Jul | Seeds: 12" | Rows: 12" | 70–80 days | Apple Gourd Seeds |
| 2 | Beetroot | Oct–Nov | Aug–Nov | Seeds: 4" | Rows: 18" | 80–90 days | Beetroot Seeds |
| 3 | Bitter Gourd (Karela) | Feb–Mar, Jun–Jul | Nov–Jan, Jun–Jul | Seeds: 1 ft | Rows: 4 ft | 55–60 days | Bitter Gourd Seeds |
| 4 | Bottle Gourd (Lauki) | Feb–Mar, Jun–Jul | Nov–Jan, Jun–Jul | Seeds: 1 ft | Rows: 4 ft | 55–60 days | Bottle Gourd Seeds |
| 5 | Broccoli | Aug–Sep | Aug–Sep | Seeds: 1 ft | Rows: 1.5 ft | 90–100 days | Broccoli Seeds |
| 6 | Cabbage | Sep–Oct | Jun–Jul, Oct–Nov | Seeds: 1 ft | Rows: 1.5 ft | 90–100 days | Cabbage Seeds |
| 7 | Capsicum | Nov–Jan, May–Jun | Jan–Feb, May–Jun, Oct–Nov | Seeds: 1.5 ft | Rows: 1.5 ft | 95–100 days | Green Capsicum Seeds |
| 8 | Carrot | Aug–Oct | Aug–Nov | Seeds: 2" | Rows: 1.5 ft | 75–80 days | Carrot Seeds |
| 9 | Cucumber (Kheera) | Feb–Mar, Jun–Jul | Jun–Jul, Sep–Oct, Dec–Jan | Rows: 12" | 50–70 days | Cucumber Seeds |
| 10 | French Beans | Feb–Mar | – | Seeds: 8" | Rows: 18" | 45–50 days | French Beans Seeds |
| 11 | Lettuce | Sep–Oct | Oct–Dec | Rows: 8"–12" | 45–55 days | Lettuce Seeds |
| 12 | Okra (Bhindi) | Feb–Mar, Jun–Jul | Jan–Feb, May–Jun, Oct–Dec | Seeds: 12" | Rows: 18" | 45–50 days | Okra Seeds |
| 13 | Onion | May–Jun | Mar–Apr, May–Jun, Sep–Oct | Seeds: 4" | Rows: 6" | 150–160 days | Red Onion Seeds |
| 14 | Peas (Matar) | Sep–Nov | Sep–Nov | Seeds: 4" | Rows: 12" | 55–60 days | Peas Seeds |
| 15 | Radish (Mooli) | Aug–Jan | Depends on variety | Seeds: 2"–3" | Rows: 12" | 40–45 days | Radish Seeds |
| 16 | Spinach (Palak) | Sep–Nov, Feb | Sep–Nov | Seeds: 3" | Rows: 9" | 60 days | Spinach Seeds Combo |
| 17 | Tomato | Jun–Aug, Nov–Dec | Jan–Feb, Jun–Jul, Oct–Nov | Seeds: 1 ft | Rows: 2.5 ft | 110–115 days | Cherry Tomato Seeds |
| 18 | Turnip (Shalgam) | Oct–Nov | Oct–Nov | Seeds: 4" | Rows: 1.5 ft | 40–50 days | Turnip Seeds |
| 19 | Cauliflower (Early) | Mid-June | Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep | Seeds: 2 ft | Rows: 2 ft | 120–125 days | Cauliflower Seeds |
| 20 | Cauliflower (Late) | Aug–Oct | Jun–Jul | Seeds: 2 ft | Rows: 2 ft | 120–125 days | Cauliflower Seeds |
| 21 | Cauliflower (Mid-Season) | Sep–Oct | Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep | Seeds: 2 ft | Rows: 2 ft | 120–125 days | Cauliflower Seeds |
| 22 | Potato | Oct–Dec | Oct–Dec | Rows: 12"–18" | 70–120 days | – |
| 23 | Pumpkin (Kaddu) | Jan–Mar, May–Jun, Sep–Dec | Jun–Jul, Dec–Jan | Seeds: 24"–48" | 70–75 days | Pumpkin Seeds |
| 24 | Corn (Maize) | Oct–Nov | Sep–Oct | Seeds: 4"–6" | Rows: 30"–36" | 60–100 days | Vegetable Seeds Combo |
| 25 | Melon | Feb–Mar, Jun–Jul | Jan–Feb, Mar–Jun, Oct–Dec | Rows: 18"–24" | 70–85 days | Long Melon Seeds |
Section 4: Month-Wise Gardening Tips (Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers & Lawn)
Detailed gardening tasks and care tips for each month of the year.
January
Fruits: January brings frosts and chilly weather. Protect young saplings of Litchi, Mango, Papaya, Chikoo, and Custard Apple by covering them with thick hay thatches and watering their basins. Prune Peach, Plum, and Pear trees and grape vines, then spray with appropriate insecticides to protect from hibernating insects. Place cuttings of deciduous fruit plants in sunny, moist beds.
Grapes: Both plants and cuttings can be sown this month.
Mango: Treat for mealy-bug by spraying the lower trunk with CPP (1:20) or Phorate, then cover with a 3–4 ft wide PVC film buried 6–7 inches in the earth. Spray Devicol or Nuvan on any mealy-bug activity. Cut all branches touching buildings.
Vegetables: Transplant Spring Onion seedlings in rows 6–9 inches apart, 4–6 inches plant-to-plant. Withhold irrigation for one week for better root formation. Transplant seedlings of Chilies, Capsicum, and Tomatoes sown in October. Sow Spring Potatoes in well-manured beds using cut pieces with 1–2 buds. Continue sowing winter vegetables — Radish, Turnip, Carrot, Beetroot, Dwarf Beans, Peas, Spinach, Soya, and Salad — to maintain supply till April. Apply manure to all fruit trees, ornamental plants, and winter annuals.
Flowers – Roses: Apply two maintenance feeds of 25 gm rose fertiliser mixture in the first week of January.
Chrysanthemums: After flowering (Oct–Jan), cut branches down to 6–9 inches. Allow plants (Stools/Mother Plants) to rest until mid-February when suckers emerge.
Indoor Plants: Expose to sun and apply manure.
Shrubs: Plant cuttings of Chandni, Bougainvillea, Rat Ki Rani, etc.
Hedges: Repair damaged hedges by planting cuttings 6 inches apart crosswise and water regularly.
Lawns: Sprinkle water early morning to prevent frost damage. Apply Urea or CAN in the third week and flood immediately. Mow in the last week of January.
Food Preservation: Sarson, Amla, Guava, Turnip, Cauliflower, Carrot, Orange, Mausambi, and Peas are available in abundance and can be preserved.
February
Fruits: Keep young saplings of Litchi, Mango, Chikoo, and Papaya covered with thatches (south-west side open). Give light irrigation on frosty nights. Apply manure to all fruit trees followed by watering. Plant Peach, Plum, Pear, and Citrus trees in pre-dug pits before flowering. Protect evergreen plants from frost.
Grapes: Prune vines by cutting back last year's shoots to 2–3 buds. Dig soil 9–10 inches deep around roots, remove fibrous roots, apply compost mixed with CAN, cover with soil, and give light irrigation.
Vegetables: Transplant seedlings of Chilies, Capsicum, Tomato, and Brinjal sown in October if not done in January. Prepare well-manured beds for early summer vegetables — Khira, Karela, Chapan Kadu, Lauki, and Kakri. Hoe Potato and Spring Onion crops.
Flowers – Roses: Same care as January.
Summer Flowers: Sow seeds of Portulaca, Amaranthus, Coleus, Kochia, Celosia, Zinnia, Gomphrena, Gallardia, and Golden-rod in the last week. Plant bulbs of Football Lily, Caladium, and Amaryllis.
Foliage Plants: Water every 7–8 days. Protect Crotons, Money Plant, and Philodendron from frost and cold winds.
Indoor Plants: Begin transplanting from the last week of February. Apply liquid manure to all plants including palms.
Shrubs: Plant cuttings of ornamental shrubs, Bougainvillea, climbers, and hedge plants in well-manured beds and keep moist.
Hedges: Renovate old damaged hedges by planting cuttings 6 inches apart crosswise and irrigate frequently.
Lawns: Apply another dose of Urea or CAN in the first week. Keep mowing as needed. Renovate patchy lawns by digging, adding manure, and planting fresh runners in the last week.
Food Preservation: Sarson, Amla, Guava, Turnip, Carrot, Cauliflower, Kinnow, Orange, Gulgul, Mausambi, Peas, Lemon, and China Orange are available for preservation.
March
Fruits: Remove all thatch covers from young plants. Dig land around them, add manure, and irrigate. Lime-wash the lower 3 feet of Litchi and Mango tree trunks to protect from sunburn, insects, and fungal pests. Spray Malathion on flowering Mango trees to control hopper pests. Spray Metasystox/Rogor and Nicotine Sulphate or Malathion on Peach and Almond trees when fruit is pea-grain size.
Vegetables: Prepare small beds and shallow pits with manure for sowing summer vegetables — Bhindi, Beans, Khira, Lauki, and Pumpkins. Sow Bhindi, Chilies, Capsicum, Tomato, Brinjal, and Beans in flat beds; sow the rest in shallow pits. Cover Ginger, Haldi, Arbi, and Zimikand with 6 inches of dry leaves to protect from heat and retain moisture. Hoe Spring Onion and Garlic beds after spreading manure and irrigate immediately.
Lawn: Apply sterameal — 1 kg per 12×12 ft lawn. Watch for weeds. Dig bare patches, add manure, and plant fresh grass runners. Keep moist with frequent watering.
Indoor Plants: Apply manure and move to a shady place. Give liquid manure in the first week of March.
Food Preservation: Cauliflower, Tomato, Turnip, Carrot, Peas, Oranges, Papaya, Ginger, and Lemon are available for preservation.
General: Complete planting of new trees, climbers, shrubs, and hedges in the first fortnight. Sow seeds of hedges and trees. Collect seeds of flowering annuals — dry and label properly. Sow summer flowering annual seeds in the nursery during the second fortnight.
April
Fruits: Provide deep basins around Litchi, Mango, and other fruit trees for summer irrigation. Fill basins with dry leaves, leaving a soil mound around the trunk. Lime-wash trunks up to 3 feet from the ground. Spray Malathion on flowering Mango trees. Sow seeds from selected Papaya fruits.
Flowers – Roses: No change from previous month. Continue care of summer annuals — Portulaca, Amaranthus, Coleus, Kochia, Celosia, Zinnia, Gomphrena, Gallardia, and Golden-rod. Plant bulbs of Football Lily, Caladium, and Amaryllis.
Chrysanthemums: Transplant from 3-inch pots to 4-inch pots.
Vegetables: Clear winter vegetable beds and prepare for the next season. Transplant seedlings of Chilies, Capsicum, Brinjal, and Tomato. Sow Ginger and Haldi on ridges 2–3 inches deep, covered with 8–9 inches of dry leaves. Sow all summer vegetables — Bhindi, Beans, Khira, Lauki, and Torai — in plots with assured water supply. Hoe and trample Spring Onion crop after irrigation to induce larger bulbs.
Flowers: Clear winter flower beds and prepare for summer. Transplant seedlings of Portulaca, Amaranthus, Dahlia, and Sunflower. Best time for Cannas. Collect seeds of late winter flowers. Fill damaged areas in shrubs.
Foliage Plants: Keep in shade to avoid direct sun. Propagate by seed, division, and cutting in the first fortnight.
Lawns: Apply sterameal with Neem Khali — 1 kg each per 12×12 ft lawn.
Seed Collection: Continue as in March.
Indoor Plants: Protect from direct sun.
Food Preservation: China Orange, Mangoes, Jackfruit, and Pumpkins are available for preservation.
May
Fruits: Water deep basins around Litchi and Mango trees and cover with dry leaves for mulching. Apply lime-wash to lower trunk up to 3 feet to prevent sunburn and insect/fungal attack.
Vegetables: Transplant seedlings of Chilies, Capsicum, Brinjals, Tomatoes, Ginger, Turmeric, Arvi, and Zimikand. Cover with 4–6 inches of dry leaves to conserve moisture. Prepare land for Soya Bean sowing in June. Prepare beds for rainy season vegetables — Pusa Sawni Bhindi, Karela, Lauki, Cowpeas, Beans, and Chachinda. Train early summer vegetables like Karela, Khira, Lauki, and Torai on wooden supports. Dig out Garlic sown in October, tie with strings, and hang. Irrigate, hoe, and trample Spring Onion crop to induce large, firm bulbs.
Flowers – Summer Annuals: Transplant Portulaca, Amaranthus, Coleus, Kochia, Gomphrena, and Sunflower early. Sow seeds of Balsam, Zinnia, Petunia, and Carnation in flower pots for rainy season seedlings.
Chrysanthemums: Transplant from 4-inch to 5-inch pots. Pinch the top 1 inch of suckers that are 6–8 inches tall.
Bulbs: Plant Tuberose, Lily, and Canna bulbs now.
Lawns: Regular watering is essential. If starting a new lawn, begin digging up to 1 foot deep in the last week of the month.
Indoor Plants: Protect from direct sun. Mulch with grass, dry leaves, or moss-grass to retain moisture.
June
Fruits: Dig 3×3 ft pits for planting Litchi, Mango, Citrus, and other fruit trees next month. Fill pits with farmyard manure mixed with the top 9 inches of soil from the pits.
Vegetables: Sow Soya Beans with the advent of pre-monsoon showers. Complete planting of Ginger, Haldi, and Arvi without delay. Sow rainy season vegetable seeds using pre-monsoon showers. Plant Maize this month. Provide supports to creepers already growing. Transplant seedlings of Chilies, Capsicum, and Brinjals if not done yet.
Flowers: Plant seedlings of rainy season flowers as they become ready.
Chrysanthemums: Pot 5-inch pot plants into 6-inch pots. Pinch tip ends again.
Soil Mixture for Pots: Prepare a mix of 2 parts garden soil, 2 parts well-rotted cow dung manure, and 1 part sand. For every 10 pots, add 10 teaspoons each of slaked lime/marble powder and charcoal granules. Cover pot drainage holes with broken pot pieces. Add 1 teaspoon Agromin and 1 tablespoon Single Superphosphate per pot. Mix, water, and turn the soil. Pots will be ready for plants in July/August.
Lawns: Turn the dug-up soil from May 2–3 times to expose weed roots and ant holes to the sun. After 2–3 weeks, sprinkle sand and slaked lime on topsoil. Let dry, then level for grass planting.
Food Preservation: Mangoes, Peaches, Bael, Litchi, Phalsa, Plum, Cherry, Karonda, Jackfruit, and Petha are available for preservation.
July
Fruits: Drain off rainwater to avoid waterlogging. Fill basins of Litchi trees with dry leaves and turfs after fruit plucking, then cover with 2–3 feet of earth. Plant Litchi, Mango, Guava, Citrus, and other fruit saplings in previously dug pits and make raised basins after planting.
Vegetables: Sow rainy season vegetables — Bhindi, Karela, Khira, Lauki, Partha, Pumpkins, Cowpea, Soya, Lobia, and Asparagus Bean — if not done already. Earth up Ginger, Haldi, and Arvi when shoots are 6–8 inches high. Hoe, weed, and clean vegetable beds regularly.
Flowers: Transplant rainy season flowers — Zinnia, Balsam, Coleus, Kochia, Dahlia, and Sunflower — immediately. Plant cuttings of hedge plants, ornamental bushes, and creepers after rains set in fully.
Chrysanthemums: In the first week of July, take 4-inch tip cuttings from top branches of stock plants and plant in sterilised sand.
Lawns: Lay out new lawns after digging and leveling. Plant grass runners of your choice closely.
Succulents and Cactus: Keep away from rain.
Food Preservation: Mangoes, Peaches, Bael, Litchi, Phalsa, Plum, Cherry, Karonda, Jackfruit, and Beetroot are available for preservation.
August
Fruits: Continue draining rainwater to avoid waterlogging. Plant saplings of Litchi, Mango, Guava, Citrus, and other fruit trees in permanent sites in pre-dug pits filled with manure and topsoil. Add a little Phorate to eradicate white ants and other pests.
Vegetables: Earth up Ginger, Haldi, and Arvi after removing weeds. Plant Sweet Potato sprouts and cuttings on high ridges. Sow Celery (highly nutritive) this month.
Flowers: Sow early flower seeds — Salvia, Aster, Phlox, Petunia, and Marigold. Plant early variety Gladiola in beds. Hoe, weed, and clean all flower beds regularly.
Chrysanthemums: Pot each rooted cutting into 9-inch pots in the first week. Keep in full shade for 7 days, then partial shade for 7 days, then move to a sunny location. Protect from heavy rains.
Supplementary Feeding: Dissolve 2 teaspoons each of Urea and Potash in 10 litres of water. Add 2 cups to each pot, then water the plant. Continue once every 15 days till end of September.
Pest Protection: Spray every fortnight till flowers bloom — mix 10 ml Metacid, Nuvan, Metasystox, or Dimecron in 10 litres of water.
Small-Flowered Plants: When 5–6 inches tall, pinch the top ½ inch to encourage branching. Pinch again when branches are 3 inches long. Continue till end of September. Provide a cage of 3–4 split bamboo canes by mid-August.
Large-Flowered Plants: Provide 2–3 ft bamboo stakes by mid-August. Remove lateral branches in leaf axils from September. Keep one healthy bud per branch end.
Indoor Plants: Place outdoors in the rain (avoid waterlogging).
Hedges: Plant cuttings of hedge plants, climbers, and ornamental plants. Sow seeds of quick-growing hedges like Jainter or Inga Dulcis.
Lawns: Lay out new lawns after digging and leveling. Plant grass runners closely.
Food Preservation: Jamun, Plum, Karonda, Apple, Mangoes, Lemon, Grapes, and Peaches are available for preservation.
September
Fruits: Plant saplings of Litchi, Mango, Guava, Citrus, and other fruit trees in permanent sites immediately if not done. Dig decayed leaves from basins around Litchi and Mango trees, add NPK chemical manure to moist soil, and mix properly. Remove all dead, dry, damaged, or diseased branches from fruit trees to improve shape, ventilation, and sunlight.
Vegetables: Prepare land with manure for sowing whole potato tubers for early winter crop. Earth up Ginger, Haldi, and Arvi after removing weeds. Sow early dwarf Peas, French Beans, Radish, Turnip, Beetroot, Methi, Palak, Dhania, and Onion/Garlic bulbs towards month-end. Transplant seedlings of Cauliflower, Cabbage, Tomato, Brinjal, and Lettuce for early supply. Sow Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Parsley, and Leek by end of September — rich sources of Vitamins A, B1, B2, and C.
Flowers: Sow seeds of Aster, Antirrhinum, Carnation, Phlox, Dahlia, Gerbera, Hollyhock, Larkspur, Linaria, Lupines, Marigold, Pansy, Poppy, Salvia, Stock, Sweet Peas, Cosmos, Sweet William, and Verbena in small beds.
Chrysanthemums: Same care as August.
Roses: In Northern India, new growth begins by mid-September. The right time for pruning is the third week of September. Pruning steps: (1) Remove all dead and dry stems. (2) Cut off weak thin twigs. (3) Remove branches growing inward. (4) Select 5–6 healthy canes and remove the rest. (5) Shorten remaining canes to 15–18 inches above the scion, cutting ½ inch above an outward-looking eye. (6) After pruning, drench all branches with a contact and systemic insecticide mix (10 ml Metacid/Nuvan/Metasystox/Dimecron in 10 litres water). Apply cow dung 50 gm + NPK 2 tablespoons + Agromin 1 tablespoon per plant after pruning.
Hedges: Plant cuttings of hedge plants, climbers, and ornamental plants immediately.
Lawns: Lay out new lawns without delay. Carry out effective weeding.
Food Preservation: Jamun, Plum, Karonda, Apple, Mangoes, Lemon, Grapes, and Peaches are available for preservation.
October
Fruits: Apply NPK manure (1:2:1 ratio) in basins when soil is moist. Remake basins around Litchi and Mango trees and apply adequate manure. Remove all dead, dry, and out-of-place branches from Litchi, Mango, and Guava trees to allow full sunshine and air.
Vegetables: Clean the garden of all weeds and grasses. Dig land and expose to sun for 2–3 days. Apply manure to beds for sowing winter vegetables — Peas, Beans, Radish, Turnip, Beetroot, Methi, Palak, Dhania, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knol Kole, and Lettuce. Plant Onion bulbs and Garlic cloves on well-manured ridges. Transplant seedlings of Cauliflower, Cabbage, Knol Kola, Brinjal, and Tomato. Sow seeds of Chilies, Capsicum, and Tomato for transplanting in January and fruiting in April. Earth up Ginger and Turmeric ridges heavily after removing weeds. Plant whole potato tubers (~½ inch diameter) on well-manured ridges.
Flowers: Transplant all ready seedlings. For late flowering, sow Aster, Antirrhinum, Carnation, Phlox, Dahlia, Gerbera, Hollyhock, Larkspur, Linaria, Lupines, Marigold, Pansy, Poppy, Salvia, Stock, Sweet Peas, Cosmos, Sweet William, and Verbena. Sow Sweet Peas in well-manured, deeply dug trenches and protect sprouting seedlings from birds with wire netting or thorny bushes. Plant Evergreen Dahlia cuttings and sow multi-coloured Gladiolus, Narcissus, and Iris bulbs.
Roses: Plant roses dug out of ground with earth ball after mid-October.
Lawns: Apply Urea or CAN to grass and flood immediately.
November
Fruits: Protect young saplings of Litchi, Mango, Papaya, and Chikoo from frost and cold by covering with rough thatches (south-west side open). Prune Peach, Plum, and Pear trees as soon as leaves shed. Apply manure to all fruit trees after making wide basins. Apply NPK (1:2:1) as per age chart followed by watering. Spray Malathion after pruning to protect from hibernating pests.
Vegetables: Sow winter vegetables — Peas, Beans, Radish, Turnip, Beetroot, Methi, Palak, Dhania, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knol Kole, and Lettuce — in small beds at 15-day intervals for uninterrupted supply. Transplant seedlings sown earlier. Plant Onion bulbs and Garlic cloves without delay. Sow Onion seeds in raised nursery beds for the main spring crop of dry bulbs. Dig out Ginger and Turmeric after leaves dry up; wash, dry, and store in a well-aired store. Transplant late Cauliflower, Cabbage, Knol Kole, and Lettuce seedlings on well-manured ridges or flat beds.
Flowers: Transplant ready seedlings. Grow Narcissus and Gladiolus bulbs. For late flowering, sow Aster, Antirrhinum, Carnation, Phlox, Dahlia, Gerbera, Hollyhock, Larkspur, Linaria, Lupines, Marigold, Pansy, Poppy, Salvia, Stock, Sweet Peas, Cosmos, Sweet William, and Verbena. Support Sweet Peas and pinch upper parts to induce side shoots.
Roses: Plant roses from the first week of November to end of January. Keep the bud 3–4 inches above ground, with the un-sprouted side facing east/south. Roses grow well in any well-drained garden soil. Ideal pit: 1.5 ft diameter × 1.5 ft deep, filled with well-rotted cow dung manure and 250 gm bone meal. Add 50 gm of 10% Phorate to the soil. Water the pit 2–3 times to settle the soil before planting. Planting distances: HT and FB Roses — 3 to 3.5 ft; Miniature and Polyantha Roses — 2.5 ft; Climbers and Shrub Roses — 6 ft. Container-grown roses can be planted any time except May and June.
Lawns: Apply stearmeal to the lawn.
Food Preservation: Cauliflower, Tomato, Turnip, Carrots, Sarson, Amla, Guava, Ginger, and Apple are available for preservation.
December
Fruits: December is the hibernating month — do not disturb the trees.
Vegetables: Transplant seedlings of Onion, Lettuce, and Tomato.
Flowers – Chrysanthemums: Cut off stems after flowering and set plants aside. Protect from waterlogging and frost.
Indoor Plants: No manure or transplanting required this month.
Lawns: Apply Urea mixed with Neem Cake and water it.
Food Preservation: Peas, Oranges, Mausambi, Sarson, Amla, Guava, and Ginger are available for preservation.
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